ВЫДАЮЩИЕСЯ ЛЮДИ
PABLO PICASSO
No painter before him had a mass audience in his own lifetime. The total public for Titian in the 16th century or Velazquez in the 17th century was probably no more than a few thousand people-though that included most of the crowned heads, nobility and intelligentsia of Europe. Picasso"s audience - meaning people, who had heard of him and seen his work, at least in reproductions - was in tens, possibly hundreds of millions. He and his works were the subject of constant analysis, gossips, adoration or rumour.
Pablo Picasso was born in Spain in 1881 and lived for 91 years. For most of his life he lived in Paris, France.
When Picasso was a child, pictures by Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cezanne were the modern masterpieces. With Picasso"s fantastic imagination he took those ideas even further. He started to paint what he knew about object or person. Anything solid was broken down into flattened, cut out «pieces». The pieces were shaped like patterns, or cubes, so the new style was called «Cubism». When cubism appeared first some critics said it was a complete disaster. So, this style was Picasso"s first gift to the art world. Picasso kept developing new styles, constantly switching between them. He painted and sculptured in any way he wanted.
Some of the greatest modern painters - Kandinsky, for instance, or Mondrian - saw his work as an instrument of evolution and human development. The idea that he had any kind of historical mission struck Picasso, and he always said that all he had ever made was made for the present and in the hope that it would remain in the present. It is interesting that he also stood against the Expressionist belief that the work of art must disclose the truth and the inner being of its author.
In his work everything is based on sensation and desire. He could make people feel the weight of forms and the tension of their relationships mainly by drawing the total structure.
Unlike many other artists Picasso wasn"t poor. He had been successful nearly all his life and had plenty of money. He lived in elegant flat in a fashionable Paris street.
Picasso constantly tried out new forms of art and invented a new style, which, strangely, remained a secret for most of his life - his sculptures. He loved animals and built sculptures of them from materials he found just lying around.
1. When was born Picasso?
2. Where did he live?
3. What is the style of Picasso"s paintings?
4. What is the main feature of his works?
VOCABULARY
nobility - дворянство, благородство
adoration - восхищение, поклонение
rumour - молва, слухи
masterpieces - шедевры
solid - твердый, сплошной
flattened - плоский
ПАБЛО ПИКАССО
У одного художника до него не было такого количества поклонников за его жизнь. Поклонников Тициана в XVI веке и Веласкеса в XVII веке было не более нескольких тысяч человек - в основном это были коронованные особы, дворянство и интеллигенция Европы. Аудитория Пикассо, включая и тех, кто слышал о нем и видел его картины, хотя бы в репродукциях, - составляет десятки, сотни миллионов. Сам Пикассо и его работы были предметом постоянного анализа, сплетен, поклонения или слухов.
Пабло Пикассо родился в Испании в 1881 г. и прожил 91 год. Большую часть своей жизни он провел в Париже, во Франции.
Когда Пикассо был ребенком, картины Винсента Ван Гога и Поля Сезанна были современными шедеврами. Фантастическое воображение Пикассо подхватили эти идеи и начали развивать их дальше. Он начал рисовать то, что знал о предмете или человеке. Все большое разбивалось на отдельные плоские кусочки. И эти кусочки изображались в форме куба, таким образом, новый стиль был назван кубизмом. Когда кубизм впервые появился, критики говорили, что это просто катастрофа. Этот стиль был подарком Пикассо миру искусства. Пикассо продолжал развивать новые направления, постоянно их сочетая. Он рисовал картины и лепил скульптуры так, как ему хотелось.
Некоторые великие художники, например Кандинский или Мондриан, рассматривали его работы как инструмент эволюции и человеческого развития. Идея того, что он был причастен к какой-либо исторической миссии, поражала Пикассо, и он всегда говорил, что все то, что он делал, принадлежит настоящему, в надежде на то, что оно в настоящем и останется. Интересно и то, что он всегда был против мнения экспрессионистов о том, что искусство должно раскрывать правду и внутренний мир автора.
В его работе все основывается на чувственности и желании. Он мог заставить человека чувствовать форму и взаимосвязь путем изображения общей структуры.
В отличие от других художников Пикассо не был бедным. Он всю свою жизнь был счастлив и имел много денег. У него была изысканная квартира на фешенебельной улице Парижа.
Пикассо постоянно пробовал новые формы искусства и придумал новый стиль, который, что странно, оставался в секрете в течение всей его жизни - его скульптуры. Он любил животных и лепил их скульптуры из материала, что находил под рукой.
Еще два столетия назад, фотография человечеству была неведома и для того, чтобы оставить память потомкам об известных людях, событиях, красивых природных ландшафтах существовала живопись. Создаваемые талантливыми художниками полотна, были и останутся шедеврами. Для того чтобы рассказать об увиденных шедеврах и создать описание картины на английском языке, необходимо уметь грамотно его составлять.
Как правило, для общего описания картины используют .
Описывайте картину последовательно, излагайте мысли красиво, логично, не используя слишком длинных предложений. Зная, как описать картину на английском языке, будет несложно осуществить это на практике.
Сосредоточимся на деталях
Описывайте, что видите:
- Погоду (The weather is nice/ chilly/ hot…)
- Пейзаж (There is a sea/a wood/ a field…)
- Предметы мебели (There is a table/ a chair/ a computer…) (On the right there is/ On the left there are…)
- Внешность людей (This man has red hair and blue eyes)
- Во что они одеты (The girls are wearing green skirts and blue shirts)
- Какие события изображены на картинке (The boy is playing, the girls are standing)
Фантазируем
Никто не запретит вам додумать, выдумать дополнительные факты, высказать собственные мысли по поводу увиденного на картинке. Таким образом, вы сможете составить более сложные предложения, порассуждать и предположить, что может произойти.
Например, если на картинке обедают люди, можете предположить, кто они друг для друга, о чем говорят, какое у них настроение. Выскажите необычные, смешные предположения - так будет даже интереснее. Главное - говорите!
Используйте словосочетания:
«It/he/she/we/they might be…»
Не бойтесь ошибиться
Для того чтобы говорить бегло, иногда можно немного пренебречь правильностью. Если начнете думать, как бы не сделать ошибку и станете задумываться над каждой фразой, то ни о какой беглости речи говорить не придется.
Старайтесь говорить долго
Никем не прерываемый, долгий монолог - явление довольно редкое. Даже на русском вам нечасто приходится говорить хотя бы три минуты без остановки, не отвлекаясь на встречные фразы собеседника. Ситуация не совсем ординарная, а для многих и вовсе стрессовая, но любой навык приобретается с практикой. Используйте все возможности, чтобы практиковаться в разговорном английском и это будет вам удаваться все лучше!
Описание картины Ivan Tsarevich on the Grey Wolf (Иван-Царевич на Сером Волке)
Рассмотрим как описать картину на английском языке на примере «Иван-Царевич на Сером Волке» В. М. Васнецова .
The famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov created his numerous paintings based on Russian folk tales.
The painting «Ivan Tsarevich on the Grey Wolf», was painted by Viktor Vasnetsov in 1889. The plot was inspired by a Russian folk tale about a brave hero and his faithful servant. Through the dense forest, Ivan Tsarevich and Elena the Beautiful are gallopping on the Grey Wolf.
Hugging his bride, Ivan Tsarevich is attentively staring ahead. He is wearing a golden coat and a red hat. Elena the Beautiful is dressed in a long blue sundress. She is trustingly pressing to the breast of her savior.
The huge Gray Wolf is quickly rushing forward. With his his strong paws he is jumping over the swamp with white lilies. Dark colors of this picture cause the feeling of anxiety, and only the blossoming apple-tree with its beautiful white flowers gives hope for a happy ending.
Перевод:
Известный русский художник Виктор Васнецов создал свои многие картины по мотивам русских народных сказок.
Картину «Иван-Царевич на Сером Волке», Виктор Васнецов написал в 1889 году, на основе русской народной сказки о храбром герое и его преданном помощнике. Сквозь густой лес, Иван-Царевич вместе с Еленой Прекрасной скачут верхом на Сером Волке.
Крепко обнимая свою невесту, Иван-Царевич внимательно смотрит вперед. Он одет в золотистый кафтан и красную шапку. Елена Прекрасная, одетая в длинный голубой сарафан, прижимается к груди своего спасителя.
Огромный Серый волк быстро бежит вперёд. Его сильные лапы перескакивают через болото с белыми кувшинками. Темные краски картины вызывают ощущение тревоги, и только цветущая яблоня со своими красивыми, белыми цветами дает надежду на счастливый конец.
Pablo Picasso Essay, Research Paper
Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor, generally considered the greatest artist of the 20th century. He was unique as an inventor of forms, as an innovator of styles and techniques, as a master of various media, and as one of the most prolific artists in history. He created more than 20,000 works of art.
Born in M laga on October 25, 1881, Picasso was the son of Jos Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher, and Mar a Picasso y Lopez. Until 1898 he always used his father’s name, Ruiz, and his mother’s maiden name, Picasso, to sign his pictures. After about 1901 he dropped Ruiz and used his mother’s maiden name to sign his pictures. Picasso’s genius manifested itself early: at the age of 10 he made his first paintings, and at 15 he performed brilliantly on the entrance examinations to Barcelona’s School of Fine Arts. His large academic canvas Science and Charity (1897, Picasso Museum, Barcelona), depicting a doctor, a nun, and a child at a sick woman’s bedside, won a gold medal.
Between 1900 and 1902, Picasso made three trips to Paris, finally settling there in 1904. He found the city’s bohemian street life fascinating, and his pictures of people in dance halls and caf s show how he assimilated the postimpressionism of the French painter Paul Gauguin and the symbolist painters called the Nabis. The themes of the French painters Edgar Degas and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, as well as the style of the latter, exerted the strongest influence. Picasso’s Blue Room (1901, Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.) reflects the work of both these painters and, at the same time, shows his evolution toward the Blue Period, so called because various shades of blue dominated his work for the next few years. Expressing human misery, the paintings portray blind figures, beggars, alcoholics, and prostitutes, their somewhat elongated bodies reminiscent of works by the Spanish artist El Greco.
Shortly after settling in Paris in a shabby building known as the Bateau-Lavoir (laundry barge, which it resembled), Picasso met Fernande Olivier, the first of many companions to influence the theme, style, and mood of his work. With this happy relationship, Picasso changed his palette to pinks and reds; the years 1904 and 1905 are thus called the Rose Period. Many of his subjects were drawn from the circus, which he visited several times a week; one such painting is Family of Saltimbanques (1905, National Gallery, Washington, D.C.). In the figure of the harlequin, Picasso represented his alter ego, a practice he repeated in later works as well. Dating from his first decade in Paris are friendships with the poet Max Jacob, the writer Guillaume Apollinaire, the art dealers Ambroise Vollard and Daniel Henry Kahnweiler, and the American expatriate writers Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo, who were his first important patrons; Picasso did portraits of them all.
In the summer of 1906, during Picasso’s stay in G sol, Spain, his work entered a new phase, marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian, and African art. His celebrated portrait of Gertrude Stein (1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) reveals a masklike treatment of her face. The key work of this early period, however, is Les demoiselles d’Avignon (1907, Museum of Modern Art, New York City), so radical in style its picture surface resembling fractured glass that it was not even understood by contemporary avant-garde painters and critics. Destroyed were spatial depth and the ideal form of the female nude, which Picasso restructured into harsh, angular planes.
Inspired by the volumetric treatment of form by the French postimpressionist artist Paul C zanne, Picasso and the French artist Georges Braque painted landscapes in 1908 in a style later described by a critic as being made of little cubes, thus leading to the term cubism. Some of their paintings are so similar that it is difficult to tell them apart. Working together between 1908 and 1911, they were concerned with breaking down and analyzing form, and together they developed the first phase of cubism, known as analytic cubism. Monochromatic color schemes were favored in their depictions of radically fragmented motifs, whose several sides were shown simultaneously. Picasso’s favorite subjects were musical instruments, still-life objects, and his friends; one famous portrait is Daniel Henry Kahnweiler (1910, Art Institute of Chicago). In 1912, pasting paper and a piece of oilcloth to the canvas and combining these with painted areas, Picasso created his first collage, Still Life with Chair Caning (Mus e Picasso, Paris). This technique marked a transition to synthetic cubism. This second phase of cubism is more decorative, and color plays a major role, although shapes remain fragmented and flat. Picasso was to practice synthetic cubism throughout his career, but by no means exclusively. Two works of 1915 demonstrate his simultaneous work in different styles: Harlequin (Museum of Modern Art) is a synthetic cubist painting, whereas a drawing of his dealer, Vollard, now in the Metropolitan Museum, is executed in his Ingresque style, so called because of its draftsmanship, emulating that of the 19th-century French neoclassical artist Jean-August-Dominique Ingres.
Picasso created cubist sculptures as well as paintings. The bronze bust Fernande Olivier (also called Head of a Woman, 1909, Museum of Modern Art) shows his consummate skill in handling three-dimensional form. He also made constructions such as Mandolin and Clarinet (1914, Mus e Picasso) from odds and ends of wood, metal, paper, and nonartistic materials, in which he explored the spatial hypotheses of cubist painting. His Glass of Absinthe (1914, Museum of Modern Art), combining a silver sugar strainer with a painted bronze sculpture, anticipates his much later found object creations, such as Baboon and Young (1951, Museum of Modern Art), as well as pop art objects of the 1960s.
During World War I (1914-1918), Picasso went to Rome, working as a designer with Sergey Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes. He met and married the dancer Olga Koklova. In a realist style, Picasso made several portraits of her around 1917, of their son (for example, Paulo as Harlequin;1924, Mus e Picasso), and of numerous friends. In the early 1920s he did tranquil, neoclassical pictures of heavy, sculpturesque figures, an example being Three Women at the Spring (1921, Museum of Modern Art), and works inspired by mythology, such as The Pipes of Pan (1923, Mus e Picasso). At the same time, Picasso also created strange pictures of small-headed bathers and violent convulsive portraits of women which are often taken to indicate the tension he experienced in his marriage. Although he stated he was not a surrealist, many of his pictures have a surreal and disturbing quality, as in Sleeping Woman in Armchair (1927, Private Collection, Brussels) and Seated Bather (1930, Museum of Modern Art).
Several cubist paintings of the early 1930s, stressing harmonious, curvilinear lines and expressing an underlying eroticism, reflect Picasso’s pleasure with his newest love, Marie Th r se Walter, who gave birth to their daughter Ma a in 1935. Marie Th r se, frequently portrayed sleeping, also was the model for the famous Girl Before a Mirror (1932, Museum of Modern Art). In 1935 Picasso made the etching Minotauromachy, a major work combining his minotaur and bullfight themes; in it the disemboweled horse, as well as the bull, prefigure the imagery of Guernica, a mural often called the most important single work of the 20th century.
Picasso was moved to paint the huge mural Guernica shortly after German planes, acting on orders from Spain’s authoritarian leader Francisco Franco, bombarded the Basque town of Guernica on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. Completed in less than two months, Guernica was hung in the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris International Exposition of 1937. The painting does not portray the event; rather, Picasso expressed his outrage by employing such imagery as the bull, the dying horse, a fallen warrior, a mother and dead child, a woman trapped in a burning building, another rushing into the scene, and a figure leaning from a window and holding out a lamp. Despite the complexity of its symbolism, and the impossibility of definitive interpretation, Guernica makes an overwhelming impact in its portrayal of the horrors of war. It was on extended loan at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art from 1939 until 1981, when it was returned to Spain at Madrid’s Prado Museum. In 1992 the work was moved to the city’s new museum of 20th-century art, the Centro de Arte Reina Sof a. Dora Maar, Picasso’s next companion to be portrayed, took photographs of Guernica while the work was in progress.
Picasso’s palette grew somber with the onset of World War II (1939-1945), and death is the subject of numerous works, such as Still Life with Steer’s Skull (1942, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, D sseldorf, Germany) and The Charnel House (1945, Museum of Modern Art). He formed a new liaison during the 1940s with the painter Fran oise Gilot who bore him two children, Claude and Paloma; they appear in many works that recapitulate his earlier styles. The last of Picasso’s companions to be portrayed was Jacqueline Roque, whom he met in 1953 and married in 1961. He then spent much of his time in southern France.
Many of Picasso’s later pictures were based on works by great masters of the past Diego Vel zquez, Gustave Courbet, Eug ne Delacroix, and +douard Manet. In addition to painting, Picasso worked in various media, making hundreds of lithographs in the renowned Paris graphics workshop, Atelier Mourlot. Ceramics also engaged his interest, and in 1947, in Vallauris, he produced nearly 2000 pieces. Picasso made important sculptures during this time: Man with Sheep (1944, Philadelphia Museum of Art), an over-life-size bronze, emanates peace and hope, and She-Goat (1950, Museum of Modern Art), a bronze cast from an assemblage of flowerpots, a wicker basket, and other diverse materials, is humorously charming. In 1964 Picasso completed a welded steel maquette (model) for the 18.3-m (60-ft) sculpture Head of a Woman (unveiled in 1967), for Chicago’s Civic Center. In 1968, during a seven-month period, he created an amazing series of 347 engravings, restating earlier themes: the circus, the bullfight, the theater, and lovemaking.
Throughout Picasso’s lifetime, his work was exhibited on countless occasions. A 1971 exhibition at the Louvre, in Paris, honored him on his 90th birthday. In 1980 a major retrospective showing of his work was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Picasso died in his villa Notre-Dame-de-Vie near Mougins on April 8, 1973.
Picture description — этот небольшой рассказ поможет вам составить любое краткое описание картины на английском языке. Вы можете прочитать и другие описания картин в нашей .
Picture description
A ‘Peaceful Pond’ by Katarzyna Lach, Poland
Can you paint a picture, using a knife? The young Polish artist Katarzyna Lach uses this technique to create her gorgeous arts. The landscape is called «Peaceful Pond». It is an oil painting and it has a very interesting texture, but the surface of the painting is almost perfectly smooth.
In the foreground, we see a pond. There are some reeds and water lilies on the pond, but the water is still clean and clear, so we can see trees and clouds on the pond’s surface. In the middle of the picture, we see ordinary green and yellow trees: pines, aspens, oaks. The artist very carefully and accurately painted the landscape, it seems that we are standing on the edge of the pond.
In the background, between the trees we see a blue sky with white clouds in it. We feel quiet and nostalgic. This picture describes one of those places where people are usually happy.
Описание картины
Можно ли написать картину, используя нож? Молодая польская художница Катаржина Лах использует эту технику для создания своих великолепных работ. Этот пейзаж называется «Мирный пруд». Он написан масляной краской и имеет очень интересную текстуру, но поверхность картины почти совершенно гладкая.
На переднем плане мы видим пруд. На пруду камыши и кувшинки, но вода в нем все равно прозрачная и чистая, так что мы можем видеть деревья и небо на поверхности. В центре картины мы видим обычные зеленые и желтые деревья: сосны, осины, дубы. Художник очень тщательно и достоверно изобразил пейзаж, кажется, будто мы сами стоим на берегу этого пруда.
На заднем плане между деревьями мы видим синее небо и белые облака на нем. Мы чувствуем спокойствие и ностальгию. Эта картина описывает одно из тех мест, где люди обычно счастливы.
Pablo Picasso was one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. He experimented in many different styles and changed the world of art during his time.
Early life
Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain in 1881. His father was a drawing teacher. At 10 Pablo became his father"s pupil and at the age of 13 he held his first exhibition.
His family moved to Barcelona in 1895 where Pablo joined an art academy. In his early period the young artist painted life as he observed it around him – in cafes and on the streets. As a young man he took interest in masterpieces of famous artists like El Greco and de Goya.
At the turn of the century, Picasso went to Paris, which was, at that time, the centre of art and literature.
Blue and Rose period
In 1901 a close friend of Picasso shot himself. This had a great impact on Pablo. He was very sad and began painting his pictures in grey and blue tones instead of bright, vivid colours. This part of his career is called his Blue Period (1901 – 1904).
Later on, he changed his painting style and started using more earth colours – rose, pink or brown. He liked to paint pictures of circus life with dancers and acrobats. This rose period lasted until 1907.
When Picasso started working with his friend and fellow painter Georges Braque in Paris they started experimenting with a new style that was called cubism.
Picasso and Braque didn"t want to show nature as it really was. They thought that all objects in nature had geometric forms. In cubism, objects were cut into many flat shapes, which looked like a puzzle. All the sides of a person"s face, for example, were shown at once, maybe even with three eyes instead of two. Cubist painters wanted to show all parts of an object from one angle.
Picasso and Braque also experimented with other materials, like cloth and newspaper clippings, which they glued onto the canvas. This technique became later known as collage.
Classicism
In 1917 Picasso went to Rome to design costumes and scenery for a Russian ballet company. During this period he fell back to classical forms and painting techniques but never gave up experimenting with cubism.
Civil War
In 1936 Civil War broke out in Spain. During this period he painted his masterpiece Guernica. It shows the terrified people of the ancient Spanish town which was bombed during the Civil War. Picasso was shocked by this inhuman act and in his painting he shows people running in the streets and screaming with their mouths wide open. To display his sadness and anger he used only black and white as well as shades of grey.
During World War II Picasso lived in Paris which, at that time, was under Nazi occupation. The Nazis didn"t like his modern paintings and Picasso had to hide them in a secret vault in the Bank of France.
Later life
After the war Picasso moved to a big house in the southern part of France. There, he continued experimenting with paintings and sculptures.
He continued his work up to his death in 1973. Picasso was known as a very moody person and he also displayed this in his paintings. Sometimes he was thoughtful, even sad, and at other times he could be very humorous. Picasso was never satisfied with his own work and he never stopped experimenting. For his great imagination and skill he is called "El Maestro" of modern art.
